The controls on a power wheelchair are what make it possible to move around freely and independently. But with so many options out there, figuring out which control system is the right fit can feel a bit overwhelming.

Here’s our breakdown of the different types of electric wheelchair controls, how they work, and what to consider when choosing the one that suits you best.

What Types of Control Interfaces are Typically Used for Power Wheelchairs?

In general, the most common and widely used controller for electric wheelchairs is the joystick, which offers precise control over direction and can be customized to fit your needs, whether that means adjusting its sensitivity or mounting it on the left or right.

For most people, joysticks are easy to use, flexible, and give you smooth, responsive control over your wheelchair. 

Types of Electric Wheelchair Controls

Electric wheelchair controls generally fall into two categories: proportional and non-proportional controls. The main difference between the two is how the wheelchair's movement is managed. 

Proportional Drive Controls

Proportional controls respond based on how much input is given. The more you move or press the control, the faster or further the wheelchair will move in that direction, like a car's gas pedal.

Standard Joystick

As mentioned above, this is the most widely used control option. You simply push the joystick in the direction you want to go; the farther you push it, the faster the wheelchair moves. It’s highly precise and typically mounted on the armrest, but it can be transferred to a different spot if that’s more comfortable for you.

Mini Joystick

Mini joysticks function similarly to standard ones but require a lot less effort to use, which makes them great for users with limited strength or dexterity. Some models also respond to slight pressure variations, giving users even more nuanced control.

Touch Drive Controls

These use touch-sensitive surfaces similar to those on smartphones or tablets. You control direction and speed by tapping or sliding your finger across the panel, which can be especially helpful for users who have trouble gripping or moving a joystick but still have some finger mobility.

Head Array Controls

Head arrays are designed for individuals with good head movement but limited use of their hands or arms. Sensors are placed near the head, and head motions trigger directional movement. Some systems allow for proportional input, which means the speed and direction vary based on how long or how hard you move your head.  

Non-Proportional Drive Controls

Instead of adjusting speed based on how much you move the control, non-proportional controls operate at a fixed speed and in set directions, more like flipping a switch than pressing a gas pedal.

Switch Controls

These are simple on/off controls. Pressing a switch moves the wheelchair in a specific direction at a steady speed. You can have multiple switches for different directions, depending on what works for you.

Sip and Puff Controls

This system uses breath to control movement. For instance, a sip might move the chair forward, while a puff could move it in reverse. While it’s possible to program in different speeds or functions, the basic setup is still non-proportional, so you’re triggering set actions rather than adjusting them on the fly.

Digital Controls

These use buttons or switches to control the wheelchair, with each button assigned to a specific function or direction. They’re typically a good option for those who have difficulty with fine motor control since they don’t require the same level of precision as a joystick or touchpad.

What Is an Expandable Controller for a Power Wheelchair?

An expandable controller is a flexible control system that can grow and adapt as your needs change, whether that means switching to a joystick, adding a touchpad, or trying out new input devices. As technology improves, you won’t have to replace the whole system to keep up, which gives you more freedom to create a setup that works for you now and in the future. 

How Do I Know Which Drive Control Is Right for Me?

If you have good coordination, a standard joystick might work well. But if your movement is more limited, options like switch controls or sip-and-puff systems could be a better fit. Your range of motion, muscle strength, and how long you can use the controls without getting tired all play a part in the decision. For example, if you struggle with reaching or if strength is an issue, something like a mini joystick or touchpad may be easier to use.

It’s always a good idea to talk with an Assistive Technology Professional (ATP) who can assess your needs and suggest the best setup.

Have Questions? Our California Mobility Experts Can Answer Them

If you’re still unsure which electric wheelchair controls are right for you, our experienced team is here to provide personalized advice! Call 800-980-5696 or reach out to learn more about our power wheelchairs and control options today.